CTAL-TA_Syll2019 Tested & Approved ISTQB CTAL-TA_Syll2019 Study Materials
Validate your Skills with Updated ISTQB CTAL-TA_Syll2019 Exam Questions & Answers and Test Engine
NEW QUESTION # 28
You are building tests using the classification tree below. You have been told that pairwise testing would be a good approach to this problem. When you apply the pairwise testing technique what would be the expected effect on the number of test cases?
- A. Pairwise testing would not be possible because equivalence partitions have not been defined
- B. Pairwise testing will require fewer test cases than exhaustive testing
- C. Pairwise testing would not be applicable for this problem
- D. Pairwise testing will have no effect on the number of test cases
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Pairwise testing is a technique that reduces the number of test cases by testing only pairs of values for each data item, instead of testing all possible combinations. Pairwise testing is based on the assumption that most defects are caused by interactions of at most two factors. Pairwise testing can be applied to this problem using the classification tree, which shows the data items and their values. By using pairwise testing, the number of test cases will be lower than exhaustive testing, which would require testing every combination of values for each data item. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Data Combination Test (DCoT) | TMap2, section "Coverage level"
* Pairwise Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks3, section "Introduction"
NEW QUESTION # 29
Based on the tax system specification as described below, using boundary value analysis, which would be the best test set to explicitly test on single boundary value fully?
Tax system
A tax system needs to be updated due to new legislation. For a person with a salary of less than € 20 000 and who is married, the tax needs to be recalculated.
If a person has at least three and less than six children, an additional 10% reduction is applicable.
- A. Test set (iv)
- B. Test set (i)
- C. Test set (iii)
- D. Test set (ii)
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following testing objectives would NOT be in focus for the Test Analyst during installability testing?
- A. Testing whether a given application can function correctly in all intended target environments.
- B. Testing that different configurations of the software can be successfully installed
- C. Testing the functional correctness of installation and de-installation procedures.
- D. Identifying usability issues in installation and de-installation procedures
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 31
A Test Analyst is investigating what should be tested for interoperability between two systems. In addition to looking at the information exchange between the systems, what else should be identified for testing?
- A. The information exchange between the test automation and the test management system
- B. The information exchange between the systems and the users
- C. The information exchange between the business analyst and the end user
- D. The information exchange between each system and its environment
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer isB.The information exchange between each system and its environment.
The information exchange between each system and its environment
The information exchange between each system and its environment refers to the compatibility and functionality of the systems with respect to the hardware, software, network, and other external factors that may affect their interaction.This type of testing is important to ensure that the systems can operate smoothly and reliably in different scenarios and conditions1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Interoperability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Interoperability
* A Simple Guide to Interoperability Testing (with Examples)4, Section 2. How to do Interoperability testing
NEW QUESTION # 32
During test execution defects have been found including non-compliance to requirements, calculations that produce incorrect results, and improper handling of data or situations.
Which of the following test types is most likely being performed?
- A. Interoperability testing
- B. Usability testing
- C. Functional appropriateness testing
- D. Functional correctness testing
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 33
Consider the following decision table:
This decision table has been created to test the following specification: Persons that study at a university (C1) and have parents whose total annual income is less than € 30.000 (C2), receive a scholarship In in addition to these qualifications, if they also live away from home (C3), they receive an addition to their scholarship (A2) How many cases are left when this decision table is collapsed?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A decision table is collapsed when duplicate or impossible cases are removed. In this decision table, there are two duplicate cases: column 2 and column 4 have the same actions (A1 and A2), and column 5 and column 6 have the same action (A1). There are also two impossible cases: column 7 and column 8 have no actions, which means that there is no outcome for these combinations of conditions. Therefore, after collapsing the decision table, only two cases are left: column 1 and column 3, which have different actions (A1 and A2 for column 1, and A1 for column 3). References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Decision Table-Based Testing2, section "Don't Care Entries and Rule Counts"
* A Guide on Building Decision Tables3, section "How to ensure that the Table is Complete?"
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following activities should normally occur during test analysis?
- A. Identifying test conditions
- B. Determining the execution order of test cases
- C. Reporting test cases executed versus test cases planned
- D. Developing test procedures
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Test analysis is the process of analyzing the test basis and defining the test objectives to establish the test conditions. Test conditions are the inputs and outputs that are used to define the scope and goals of testing.
Identifying test conditions is one of the main activities of test analysis, as it determines what to test in terms of measurable coverage criteria. The other options are activities that occur during other phases of the test process, such as test planning, test implementation, or test execution. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Software Testing - Test Analysis - GeeksforGeeks2, section "Test Analysis"
* What is Test Analysis? - Software Testing Mentor3, section "What is Test Analysis?"
NEW QUESTION # 35
Your Test Manager has assigned you to work with selected business users to ensure the application under test has met usability requirements, and has met your business users' expectations. Which of the following would be appropriate for your given task?
- A. Conduct pre-test interviews to give instructions to the users, and post-test interviews to get their feedback
- B. Design a variety of test cases focused on functional outcomes
- C. Apply structure-based techniques to ensure the data flow matches the use case specifications
- D. Strictly monitor testing to ensure that all aspects of the application comply with all written requirements
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer isC.Conduct pre-test interviews to give instructions to the users, and post-test interviews to get their feedback.
Pre-test and post-test interviews
Pre-test and post-test interviews are methods of usability testing that involve communicating with the business users before and after they test the application. Pre-test interviews can help to explain the purpose and scope of the test, provide instructions and guidance, and establish rapport with the users.Post-test interviews can help to collect feedback, opinions, and suggestions from the users, as well as identify any issues or problems they encountered during the test1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* Usability Testing 101: A Guide for Businesses4, Section 5. How to Conduct a Usability Test
NEW QUESTION # 36
Based on the tax system specification as described below, using boundary value analysis, which would be the best test set to explicitly test on single boundary value fully?
Tax system
A tax system needs to be updated due to new legislation. For a person with a salary of less than € 20 000 and who is married, the tax needs to be recalculated.
If a person has at least three and less than six children, an additional 10% reduction is applicable.
- A. Test set (iv)
- B. Test set (i)
- C. Test set (iii)
- D. Test set (ii)
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Test set (i) is the best option as it tests the boundary condition of a salary of less than €20,000 and being married, with a varying number of children including the boundary value of three children. This test set covers the minimum and maximum values for the salary and the number of children, as well as the nominal values.
The other test sets donot test the boundary value of the salary or the number of children fully, as they either omit or repeat some values. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Boundary Value Analysis and Equivalence Partitioning Testing2, section "Boundary Value Analysis"
* Equivalence Partitioning Method3, section "Example 1: Equivalence and Boundary Value"
NEW QUESTION # 37
A PIN entry component of an ATM system has been developed using the following state table:
Using the state transition test technique, how many 0-switch test cases are needed to achieve 100% 0-switch coverage?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 38
As a Test Analyst you are involved in the early stages of an acceptance test for a Product Data Management system. You are asked to write test designs and test cases based on use cases. An early version of the system is already available. It is expected that many things will change (including the user interface) during implementation of the new version.
The tests will be conducted by end-users with much domain knowledge who have also been involved in the project defining the user requirements (in the format of use cases) and reviewing other documentation.
What Is the BEST option regarding the level of detail and documentation required for test cases in the project?
- A. High-level test cases supported by low-level test cases to allow for traceability and enable future changes.
- B. Low-level test cases only since the end-users have extensive domain knowledge.
- C. High-level test cases only since the end-users have extensive domain knowledge and many changes are expected
- D. Detailed low-level test cases since many re-runs of the tests are expected.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The level of detail and documentation required for test cases in the project depends on the type of application under test, the standards followed by the organization, and the maturity of the development process. For a web application that is undergoing frequent changes, it is advisable to use high-level test cases that describe the main features and functionalities from a user's perspective, and low-level test cases that provide more details and specifications for each feature. High-level test cases can be supported by low-level test cases to ensure traceability between the requirements and the test scenarios, as well as to facilitate future changes or enhancements. Low-level test casescan also be reviewed and updated by the end-users who have extensive domain knowledge and are involved in the project. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi1, page 10
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, page 2
* Test Documentation in Software Testing (Example)3, section "Best practice to Achieve Test Documentation"
NEW QUESTION # 39
You've been tasked to measure the degree of accuracy in a mortgage rate calculation module of the software you are testing. Which type of testing are you performing?
- A. Functional completeness testing
- B. Appropriateness recognizability testing
- C. Performance efficiency testing
- D. Functional correctness testing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer isA.Functional correctness testing.
Functional correctness testing
Functional correctness testing is the type of testing that measures the degree of accuracy in a mortgage rate calculation module of the software you are testing. It verifies that the module produces the correct results for different inputs and scenarios, such as different interest rates, loan terms, payment frequencies, etc.It also checks that the module complies with the specifications and requirements of the mortgage rate calculation1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst3, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide4, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
NEW QUESTION # 40
You have been informed by your Test Manager that the next project you will be working on as a Test Analyst will be using an iterative model rather than the V-model your projects normally employ. What might be an adjustment you and your test team might expect to make?
- A. Not as close of a working relationship with developers
- B. More complete requirements at the beginning of the first test phase
- C. Less stringent quality goals
- D. A reduced set of standard test processes for each iteration
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The iterative model is a cyclical process in which the software product is developed and tested incrementally in short cycles called iterations. Each iteration delivers a working version of the product that can be evaluated and improved. Compared to the V-model, which is a linear and sequential process that follows a fixed set of phases and activities, the iterative model requires a reduced set of standard test processes for each iteration, as well as more flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements and feedback. The test analyst and the test team might expect to make this adjustment when working on an iterative model project. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* What is an iterative approach and what are its benefits?2, section "What is agile, iterative development, or the PDCA cycle?"
* Iterative Model (Software Engineering) - javatpoint3, section "Iterative Model"
NEW QUESTION # 41
You have been assigned to test an application that allows users to conduct banking online. You have been asked to verify the various installation environments for the product. According to the specification the product supports four browsers (Edge, Chrome, FireFox and Safari), three operating systems (Windows, Mac, Unix), and four languages (English, Spanish, French, German). As you are reviewing the specifications you realize that the actual operating system names and versions were not included, only the major category. From this, you conclude that if you pick one from each of these sets (for example, select Windows 10 for the Windows OS), that testing should be sufficient.
You have researched the product and determined that there should be no interaction between these three characteristics that would affect the operation of the system. However, you do want to exercise representative set of these options while conducting the other functional testing for the product.
If you decide to test pairs of combinations, how many combinations will you need to test?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Testing pairs of combinations is a technique that reduces the number of test cases by testing only two factors at a time, instead of testing all possible combinations. Testing pairs of combinations is based on the assumption that most defects are caused by interactions of at most two factors. Testing pairs of combinations can be applied to this problem using the installation environments, which are the browsers, the operating systems, and the languages. By using testing pairs of combinations, the number of test cases will be lower than exhaustive testing, which would require testing every combination of factors. The formula for calculating the number of test cases for testing pairs of combinations is:
N = P * (P - 1) / 2
where N is the number of test cases, and P is the number of values for each factor. In this problem, P is 4, as there are four browsers, four operating systems, and four languages. Therefore, the number of test cases for testing pairs of combinations is:
N = 4 * (4 - 1) / 2 N = 4 * 3 / 2 N = 12 References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Pairwise Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks2, section "Introduction"
* Pairwise Testing: A Best Practice That Isn't3, section "Pairwise Testing"
NEW QUESTION # 42
What is main difference between user experience and usability?
- A. There is no difference between user experience and usability, they are the same.
- B. Usability relates to people's perceptions and responses; user experience relates to characteristics of the software product.
- C. Usability is evaluated via reviews; the user experience is evaluated via surveys
- D. User experience relates to people's perceptions and responses; usability relates to characteristics of the software product.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
User experience (UX) is a broad term that encompasses the overall impression and satisfaction that a user has when interacting with a software product. It includes aspects such as value, desirability, adaptability, and usability. Usability is a specific aspect of UX that focuses on how easy, efficient, and error-free it is for a user to perform a task or achieve a goal with the product. Usability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a good UX. A product can be usable but not desirable, or desirable but not usable. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst, Section 3.1.1, Usability and User Experience Testing1; Usability vs. User Experience: What's the Difference? - HubSpot Blog, Section Usability vs. User Experience
NEW QUESTION # 43
You have been provided with the following decision table that was used for smoke testing the previous release of a set of hotel reservation software.
During discussions with the Test Manager you agreed that software behavior focused on the date of reservation, especially as midnight approaches, presented additonal risk.
You need to add more tests to provide more thorough coverage of the test conditions. Which of the following techniques should you use to design more tests?
- A. Boundary value analysis
- B. Orthogonal Arrays
- C. Portability
- D. State transition
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
State transition is a technique that analyzes the behavior of an application for different input conditions and how it changes from one state to another in response to events. It is useful for testing scenarios where the date of reservation is a critical factor that affects the system state and output1 References =
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.2.3, page 432
* State Transition Testing - Diagram & Technique (Example) - Guru993
* State Transition Testing - GeeksforGeeks4
NEW QUESTION # 44
Consider the following user story: As a student, I want to be able to buy a parking pass (priority: high) Acceptance criteria
- The student will not receive the parking pass if the payment is insufficient.
- Only registered students can buy a parking pass.
- The student can only buy one parking pass each month.
Which of the following checklist items would result in finding a defect for the user story?
- A. Does the story follow the commonly used format "As a < >, I want < > so that < >"?
- B. Is the story prioritized?
- C. Are the acceptance criteria defined and testable?
- D. Is the story written from the view of the person who requested it?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The acceptance criteria are the conditions that must be met for the user story to be considered done and acceptable by the user. They should be defined and testable, meaning that they are clear, measurable, and verifiable. The acceptance criteria for the user story are not well-defined and testable, because they do not specify how the payment is made, how the registration is verified, andhow the monthly limit is enforced.
These details are important for testing the functionality and quality of the user story, and should be included in the acceptance criteria. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst, Section
2.2.1, Use Case Testing1; How to Write a Good User Story, Section Acceptance Criteria2; Test User Stories with these 10 Tests, Section Testable3
NEW QUESTION # 45
What are ways in which classification trees support the application of pairwise testing?
a. They help to identify inputs to be used by the pairwise test technique b. They show the combinations needed to cover all-pairs c. They help to identify particular combinations of interest d. They show both typical and atypical behavior e. They show the expected results for the various test cases
- A. c and e
- B. b, d and e
- C. b and c
- D. a, b and c
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Classification trees are a visual way of identifying test objects and data, and pairwise testing is a technique of generating test cases that cover all possible pairs of values from different classifications. Classification trees support pairwise testing by:
* Helping to identify inputs to be used by the pairwise test technique, as each class represents a possible value for a test parameter.
* Showing the combinations needed to cover all-pairs, as each test case is a selection of one class from each classification.
* Helping to identify particular combinations of interest, as the test engineer can use the tree structure to group or prioritize classes based on their relevance or risk. References = ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, section 3.2.3; Smarter Test Design with Classification Trees and Pairwise Techniques, slides 6-12.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Although usability is an important aspect for a new planning system, due to availability constraints, the usability evaluation shall be performed without Which of the following is a usability technique that can be applied in this situation?
- A. Usability prototyping
- B. Usability survey
- C. Usability lab sessions
- D. Usability review, e.g., heuristic evaluation
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 47
Consider the following requirement:
The system shall allow cash advances of at least 200 Euros for all supported credit cards The following credit cards are supported- American Express, Diners, VISA, Mastercard and Eurocard.
The requirement has been identified as business critical.
The following test conditions have been derived:
1. The system shall allow cash advances of at least 200 Euros
2. It shall support American Express, Diners, VISA, Mastercard and Eurocard.
Assume you are following a risk-based testing strategy, where likelihood and impact are both assessed on a five-point scale ranging from very low to very high The requirement R1 was identified as a risk item during the quality risk analysis process. In total 20 risk items were identified during this process Assume that technical project stakeholders have assessed the likelihood of the requirement R1 risk item at a medium level Given only the information above, which of the following statements is true?
- A. The test cases associated with requirement R1 must be run towards the middle of the test execution period.
- B. The risk impact for requirement R1 should be categorized as high or very high
- C. A large number of test cases should be designed for requirement R1, based on impact
- D. The test cases associated with requirement R1 shall be run first in the test execution period
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The risk impact is the measure of the potential negative consequences of a risk item on the project objectives.
It depends on the severity of the defect, the frequency of occurrence, and the visibility to the stakeholders.
Since requirement R1 is business critical, any failure in meeting this requirement would have a significant impact on the customer satisfaction, the reputation of the organization, and the legal compliance. Therefore, the risk impact for requirement R1 should be categorized as high or very high, regardless of the likelihood of occurrence. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Risk Based Testing: Approach, Matrix, Process & Examples2, section "Risk Impact Assessment"
* What is Risk Based Testing: With Best Practices3, section "Risk Impact Analysis"
NEW QUESTION # 48
REQ1 a sun cancer warning system shall produce a daily score sheet based on the number of hours expose to the sun and the intensity of sun radiation.
REQ2 The number of hours exposed to the sun shall be categorized in A (below 2), B (2 to 4 hours) or C (more than 4 hours) REQ3 The intensity of sun radiation shall be labelled as low, medium, high, or extreme.
Based on the requirements stated above a Test Analyst has defined the following three test cases:
How many test conditions to be identified from requirements REQ2 and REQ3, are NOT covered by the three test cases:
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following descriptions is an example of the use of defect taxonomies?
- A. Following a defect management process throughout testing
- B. Using a list of known defect types to penetrate the security of computer systems
- C. Grouping defects found during execution by functional area
- D. Running tests with the aim of finding as many defects as possible
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Defect taxonomies are categorized lists of defects that can be used to identify and prevent common types of errors in software development and testing. They can also be used to design test cases that target specific defect types, such as security vulnerabilities. Therefore, using a list of known defect types to penetrate the security of computer systems is an example of the use of defect taxonomies. References = Defect Taxonomies
- The Practical Guide to Defect Prevention (Chapter 10), Using Defect Taxonomies for Testing Requirements, Defect Based Approach using Defect Taxonomy, Requirements-based testing with defect taxonomies
NEW QUESTION # 50
You are testing a dictionary lookup mobile application. When the user enters a word, the definition of that word is returned. This application will run on iOS and Android, on the latest versions of the devices and the operating systems, plus all devices and operating system released in the last three years.
The target users are university students.
Which of the following is a test condition that can be used to verify the usability quality characteristic?
- A. If an error occurs, the user should be able to recover the last word entered
- B. The user should be able to change the font size on the screen
- C. If the user tries to create a password that does not conform to the requirements, an error is displayed
- D. The memory footprint of the application should not exceed 40mb on the target device
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer isC.The user should be able to change the font size on the screen.
The user should be able to change the font size on the screen
This is a test condition that can be used to verify the usability quality characteristic because it tests the user-friendliness and customizability of the application. It verifies that the user can adjust the font size according to their preference and readability, which can enhance the user experience and satisfaction.It also reflects the learnability and operability sub-characteristics of usability, as the user should be able to easily find and use the font size option1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* How to Perform Usability Testing for Mobile Apps4, Section 3. Usability Testing Methods
NEW QUESTION # 51
You've created a checklist for an upcoming requirements/use case review. You have included validating the testability of each requirement, and establishing acceptance criteria for each requirement.
You've ensured that each requirement and use case has a unique identifier that complies with company policy.
What else should you add to the checklist?
- A. Orthagonal arrays for all specified variables
- B. Traceability documentation
- C. Decision tables
- D. State transition diagrams
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer isD.Traceability documentation.
Traceability documentation
Traceability documentation is a way of linking the requirements and use cases to the test cases, test results, and other artifacts that are related to them. It helps to ensure the completeness, consistency, and coverage of the testing process, as well as to facilitate the impact analysis, change management, and defect tracking.Traceability documentation should be added to the checklist for the requirements/use case review, as it is an important part of the test analyst's role and responsibilities1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
* Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) - A Complete Guide4, Section 1. What is Requirements Traceability Matrix?
NEW QUESTION # 52
......
The CTAL-TA_Syll2019 exam consists of 45 multiple-choice questions, which must be completed within a time limit of 120 minutes. The passing score for the exam is 65%, and the exam is available in multiple languages. CTAL-TA_Syll2019 exam is conducted through Pearson VUE testing centers, which are located in over 180 countries worldwide. Candidates who pass the exam receive the ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Analyst certification, which is valid for five years.
ISQI CTAL-TA_Syll2019 certification exam is designed for experienced software testers who want to enhance their knowledge and skills in test analysis. It is one of the most widely recognized advanced-level certifications for software testers worldwide, and it verifies the candidate's ability to conduct sophisticated test analysis activities using industry-standard methodologies and techniques.
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