Download ECCouncil 312-85 Sample Questions [Jun-2025]
Real 312-85 Exam Questions and Answers FREE
The Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst exam covers various topics that are essential in the field of cybersecurity. 312-85 exam focuses on identifying and analyzing different types of cyber threats, understanding the tactics used by attackers, and applying the appropriate countermeasures to mitigate the risks. 312-85 exam also covers the latest trends in threat intelligence analysis, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.
ECCouncil 312-85, also known as the Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst (CTIA) certification, is a globally recognized credential that validates the knowledge and skills of cybersecurity professionals in the field of threat intelligence. Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst certification emphasizes the importance of proactive threat intelligence gathering, analysis, and dissemination to improve an organization's security posture.
NEW QUESTION # 31
In which of the following attacks does the attacker exploit vulnerabilities in a computer application before the software developer can release a patch for them?
- A. Zero-day attack
- B. Advanced persistent attack
- C. Active online attack
- D. Distributed network attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
A zero-day attack exploits vulnerabilities in software or hardware that are unknown to the vendor or for which a patch has not yet been released. These attacks are particularly dangerous because they take advantage of the window of time between the vulnerability's discovery and the availability of a fix, leaving systems exposed to potential exploitation. Zero-day attacks require a proactive and comprehensive approach to security, including the use of advanced threat detection systems and threat intelligence to identify and mitigate potential threats before they can be exploited.References:
* "Understanding Zero-Day Exploits," by MITRE
* "Zero-Day Threats: What They Are and How to Protect Against Them," by Symantec
NEW QUESTION # 32
A threat analyst obtains an intelligence related to a threat, where the data is sent in the form of a connection request from a remote host to the server. From this data, he obtains only the IP address of the source and destination but no contextual information. While processing this data, he obtains contextual information stating that multiple connection requests from different geo-locations are received by the server within a short time span, and as a result, the server is stressed and gradually its performance has reduced. He further performed analysis on the information based on the past and present experience and concludes the attack experienced by the client organization.
Which of the following attacks is performed on the client organization?
- A. MAC spoofing attack
- B. DHCP attacks
- C. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack
- D. Bandwidth attack
Answer: C
Explanation:
The attack described, where multiple connection requests from different geo-locations are received by a server within a short time span leading to stress and reduced performance, is indicative of a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, the attacker floods the target's resources (such as a server) with excessive requests from multiple sources, making it difficult for the server to handle legitimate traffic, leading to degradation or outright unavailability of service. The use of multiple geo-locations for the attack sources is a common characteristic of DDoS attacks, making them harder to mitigate.References:
* "Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks," US-CERT
* "DDoS Quick Guide," DHS/NCCIC
NEW QUESTION # 33
In a team of threat analysts, two individuals were competing over projecting their own hypotheses on a given malware. However, to find logical proofs to confirm their hypotheses, the threat intelligence manager used a de-biasing strategy that involves learning strategic decision making in the circumstances comprising multistep interactions with numerous representatives, either having or without any perfect relevant information.
Which of the following de-biasing strategies the threat intelligence manager used to confirm their hypotheses?
- A. Cognitive psychology
- B. Machine learning
- C. Decision theory
- D. Game theory
Answer: D
Explanation:
Game theory is a mathematical framework designed for understanding strategic situations where individuals' or groups' outcomes depend on their choices and the choices of others. In the context of threat intelligence analysis, game theory can be used as a de-biasing strategy to help understand and predict the actions of adversaries and defenders. By considering the various strategies and potential outcomes in a 'game' where each player's payoff is affected by the actions of others, analysts can overcome their biases and evaluate hypotheses more objectively. This approach is particularly useful in scenarios involving multiple actors with different goals and incomplete information.References:
* "Game Theory and Its Applications in Cybersecurity" in the International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
* "Applying Game Theory to Cybersecurity" by the SANS Institute
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following types of threat attribution deals with the identification of the specific person, society, or a country sponsoring a well-planned and executed intrusion or attack over its target?
- A. True attribution
- B. Nation-state attribution
- C. Campaign attribution
- D. Intrusion-set attribution
Answer: A
Explanation:
True attribution in the context of cyber threats involves identifying the actual individual, group, or nation-state behind an attack or intrusion. This type of attribution goes beyond associating an attack with certain tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) or a known group and aims to pinpoint the real-world entity responsible.
True attribution ischallenging due to the anonymity of the internet and the use of obfuscation techniques by attackers, but it is crucial for understanding the motive behind an attack and for forming appropriate responses at diplomatic, law enforcement, or cybersecurity levels.References:
* "Attribution of Cyber Attacks: A Framework for an Evidence-Based Analysis" by Jason Healey
* "The Challenges of Attribution in Cyberspace" in the Journal of Cyber Policy
NEW QUESTION # 35
Enrage Tech Company hired Enrique, a security analyst, for performing threat intelligence analysis. While performing data collection process, he used a counterintelligence mechanism where a recursive DNS server is employed to perform interserver DNS communication and when a request is generated from any name server to the recursive DNS server, the recursive DNS servers log the responses that are received. Then it replicates the logged data and stores the data in the central database. Using these logs, he analyzed the malicious attempts that took place over DNS infrastructure.
Which of the following cyber counterintelligence (CCI) gathering technique has Enrique used for data collection?
- A. Data collection through dynamic DNS (DDNS)
- B. Data collection through passive DNS monitoring
- C. Data collection through DNS zone transfer
- D. Data collection through DNS interrogation
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 36
Kim, an analyst, is looking for an intelligence-sharing platform to gather and share threat information from a variety of sources. He wants to use this information to develop security policies to enhance the overall security posture of his organization.
Which of the following sharing platforms should be used by Kim?
- A. OmniPeek
- B. PortDroid network analysis
- C. Blueliv threat exchange network
- D. Cuckoo sandbox
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Blueliv Threat Exchange Network is a collaborative platform designed for sharing and receiving threat intelligence among security professionals and organizations. It provides real-time information on global threats, helping participants to enhance their security posture by leveraging shared intelligence. The platform facilitates the exchange ofinformation related to cybersecurity threats, including indicators of compromise (IoCs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of threat actors, and other relevant data. This makes it an ideal choice for Kim, who is looking to gather and share threat information to develop security policies for his organization. In contrast, Cuckoo Sandbox is a malware analysis system, OmniPeek is a network analyzer, and PortDroid is a network analysis application, none of which are primarily designed for intelligence sharing.References:
* Blueliv's official documentation and resources
* "Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program," by Allan Liska
NEW QUESTION # 37
During the process of threat intelligence analysis, John, a threat analyst, successfully extracted an indication of adversary's information, such as Modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and forensics evasion strategies used by adversaries.
Identify the type of threat intelligence analysis is performed by John.
- A. Operational threat intelligence analysis
- B. Tactical threat intelligence analysis
- C. Strategic threat intelligence analysis
- D. Technical threat intelligence analysis
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following characteristics of APT refers to numerous attempts done by the attacker to gain entry to the target's network?
- A. Timeliness
- B. Multiphased
- C. Risk tolerance
- D. Attack origination points
Answer: B
Explanation:
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are characterized by their 'Multiphased' nature, referring to the various stages or phases the attacker undertakes to breach a network, remain undetected, and achieve their objectives.
This characteristic includes numerous attempts to gain entry to the target's network, often starting with reconnaissance, followed by initial compromise, and progressing through stages such as establishment of a backdoor, expansion, data exfiltration, and maintaining persistence. This multiphased approach allows attackers to adapt and pursue their objectives despite potential disruptions or initial failures in their campaign.References:
* "Understanding Advanced Persistent Threats and Complex Malware," by FireEye
* MITRE ATT&CK Framework, detailing the multiphased nature of adversary tactics and techniques
NEW QUESTION # 39
In which of the following forms of bulk data collection are large amounts of data first collected from multiple sources in multiple formats and then processed to achieve threat intelligence?
- A. Hybrid form
- B. Structured form
- C. Unstructured form
- D. Production form
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 40
Jian is a member of the security team at Trinity, Inc. He was conducting a real-time assessment of system activities in order to acquire threat intelligence feeds. Heacquired feeds from sources like honeynets, P2P monitoring. infrastructure, and application logs.
Which of the following categories of threat intelligence feed was acquired by Jian?
- A. External intelligence feeds
- B. Proactive surveillance feeds
- C. CSV data feeds
- D. Internal intelligence feeds
Answer: D
Explanation:
Internal intelligence feeds are derived from data and information collected within an organization's own networks and systems. Jian's activities, such as real-time assessment of system activities and acquiring feeds from honeynets, P2P monitoring, infrastructure, and application logs, fall under the collection of internal intelligence feeds. These feeds are crucial for identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities within the organization and form a fundamental part of a comprehensive threat intelligence program. They contrast with external intelligence feeds, which are sourced from outside the organization and include information on broader cyber threats, trends, and TTPs of threat actors.References:
* "Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program" by Allan Liska
* "Threat Intelligence: Collecting, Analysing, Evaluating" by M-K. Lee, L. Healey, and P. A. Porras
NEW QUESTION # 41
Henry. a threat intelligence analyst at ABC Inc., is working on a threat intelligence program. He was assigned to work on establishing criteria for prioritization of intelligence needs and requirements.
Which of the following considerations must be employed by Henry to prioritize intelligence requirements?
- A. Produce actionable data
- B. Develop a collection plan
- C. Understand data reliability
- D. Understand frequency and impact of a threat
Answer: D
Explanation:
When prioritizing intelligence requirements, it is crucial to understand the frequency and impact of various threats. This approach helps in allocating resources effectively, focusing on threats that are both likely to occur and that would have significant consequences if they did. By assessing threats based on these criteria, Henry can ensure that the threat intelligence program addresses the most pressing and potentially damaging threats first, thereby enhancing the organization's security posture. This prioritization is essential for effective threat management and for ensuring that the most critical threats are addressed promptly.References:
* "Cyber Threat Intelligence: Prioritizing and Using CTI Effectively," by SANS Institute
* "Threat Intelligence: What It Is, and How to Use It Effectively," by Gartner
NEW QUESTION # 42
An attacker instructs bots to use camouflage mechanism to hide his phishing and malware delivery locations in the rapidly changing network of compromised bots. In this particular technique, a single domain name consists of multiple IP addresses.
Which of the following technique is used by the attacker?
- A. DNS zone transfer
- B. Fast-Flux DNS
- C. DNS interrogation
- D. Dynamic DNS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Fast-Flux DNS is a technique used by attackers to hide phishing and malware distribution sites behind an ever-changing network of compromised hosts acting as proxies. It involves rapidly changing the association of domain names with multiple IP addresses, making the detection and shutdown of malicious sites more difficult. This technique contrasts with DNS zone transfers, which involve the replication of DNS data across DNS servers, or Dynamic DNS, which typically involves the automatic updating of DNS records for dynamic IP addresses, but not necessarily for malicious purposes. DNS interrogation involves querying DNS servers to retrieve information about domain names, but it does not involve hiding malicious content. Fast-Flux DNS specifically refers to the rapid changes in DNS records to obfuscate the source of the malicious activity, aligning with the scenario described.References:
* SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room
* ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) Security and Stability Advisory Committee
NEW QUESTION # 43
During the process of threat intelligence analysis, John, a threat analyst, successfully extracted an indication of adversary's information, such as Modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and forensics evasion strategies used by adversaries.
Identify the type of threat intelligence analysis is performed by John.
- A. Operational threat intelligence analysis
- B. Tactical threat intelligence analysis
- C. Strategic threat intelligence analysis
- D. Technical threat intelligence analysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
Tactical threat intelligence analysis focuses on the immediate, technical indicators of threats, such as the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by adversaries, their communication channels, the tools and software they utilize, and their strategies for evading forensic analysis. This type of analysis is crucial for operational defenses and is used by security teams to adjust their defenses against current threats. Since John successfully extracted information related to the adversaries' modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and evasion strategies, he is performing tactical threat intelligence analysis. This differs from strategic and operational threat intelligence, which focus on broader trends and specific operations, respectively, and from technical threat intelligence, which deals with technical indicators like malware signatures and IPs.References:
* "Tactical Cyber Intelligence," by Cyber Threat Intelligence Network, Inc.
* "Intelligence-Driven Incident Response: Outwitting the Adversary," by Scott J. Roberts and Rebekah Brown
NEW QUESTION # 44
Tim is working as an analyst in an ABC organization. His organization had been facing many challenges in converting the raw threat intelligence data into meaningful contextual information. After inspection, he found that it was due to noise obtained from misrepresentation of data from huge data collections. Hence, it is important to clean the data before performing data analysis using techniques such as data reduction. He needs to choose an appropriate threat intelligence framework that automatically performs data collection, filtering, and analysis for his organization.
Which of the following threat intelligence frameworks should he choose to perform such task?
- A. HighCharts
- B. TC complete
- C. SIGVERIF
- D. Threat grid
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 45
Andrews and Sons Corp. has decided to share threat information among sharing partners. Garry, a threat analyst, working in Andrews and Sons Corp., has asked to follow a trust model necessary to establish trust between sharing partners. In the trust model used by him, the first organization makes use of a body of evidence in a second organization, and the level of trust between two organizations depends on the degree and quality of evidence provided by the first organization.
Which of the following types of trust model is used by Garry to establish the trust?
- A. Mandated trust
- B. Direct historical trust
- C. Mediated trust
- D. Validated trust
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the trust model described, where trust between two organizations depends on the degree and quality of evidence provided by the first organization, the model in use is 'Validated Trust.' This model relies on the validation of evidence or credentials presented by one party to another to establish trust. The validation process assesses the credibility, reliability, and relevance of the information shared, forming the basis of the trust relationship between the sharing partners. This approach is common in threat intelligence sharing where the accuracy and reliability of shared information are critical.References:
* "Building a Cybersecurity Culture," ISACA
* "Trust Models in Information Security," Journal of Internet Services and Applications
NEW QUESTION # 46
ABC is a well-established cyber-security company in the United States. The organization implemented the automation of tasks such as data enrichment and indicator aggregation. They also joined various communities to increase their knowledge about the emerging threats. However, the security teams can only detect and prevent identified threats in a reactive approach.
Based on threat intelligence maturity model, identify the level of ABC to know the stage at which the organization stands with its security and vulnerabilities.
- A. Level 1: preparing for CTI
- B. Level 3: CTI program in place
- C. Level 2: increasing CTI capabilities
- D. Level 0: vague where to start
Answer: B
Explanation:
ABC cyber-security company, which has implemented automation for tasks such as data enrichment and indicator aggregation and has joined various communities to increase knowledge about emerging threats, is demonstrating characteristics of a Level 3 maturity in the threat intelligence maturity model. At this level, organizations have a formal Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) program in place, with processes and tools implemented to collect, analyze, and integrate threat intelligence into their security operations. Although they may still be reactive in detecting and preventing threats, the existence of structured CTI capabilities indicates a more developed stage of threat intelligence maturity.References:
* "Building a Threat Intelligence Program," by Recorded Future
* "The Threat Intelligence Handbook," by Chris Pace, Cybersecurity Evangelist at Recorded Future
NEW QUESTION # 47
Cybersol Technologies initiated a cyber-threat intelligence program with a team of threat intelligence analysts.
During the process, the analysts started converting the raw data into useful information by applying various techniques, such as machine-based techniques, and statistical methods.
In which of the following phases of the threat intelligence lifecycle is the threat intelligence team currently working?
- A. Processing and exploitation
- B. Analysis and production
- C. Planning and direction
- D. Dissemination and integration
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phase where threat intelligence analysts convert raw data into useful information by applying various techniques, such as machine learning or statistical methods, is known as 'Processing and Exploitation'. During this phase, collected data is processed, standardized, and analyzed to extract relevant information. This is a critical step in the threat intelligence lifecycle, transforming raw data into a format that can be further analyzed and turned into actionable intelligence in the subsequent 'Analysis and Production' phase.References:
* "Intelligence Analysis for Problem Solvers" by John E. McLaughlin
* "The Cyber Intelligence Tradecraft Project: The State of Cyber Intelligence Practices in the United States (Unclassified Summary)" by the Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute
NEW QUESTION # 48
Alison, an analyst in an XYZ organization, wants to retrieve information about a company's website from the time of its inception as well as the removed information from the target website.
What should Alison do to get the information he needs.
- A. Alison should use https://archive.org to extract the required website information.
- B. Alison should run the Web Data Extractor tool to extract the required website information.
- C. Alison should use SmartWhois to extract the required website information.
- D. Alison should recover cached pages of the website from the Google search engine cache to extract the required website information.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 49
In which of the following forms of bulk data collection are large amounts of data first collected from multiple sources in multiple formats and then processed to achieve threat intelligence?
- A. Hybrid form
- B. Structured form
- C. Unstructured form
- D. Production form
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the context of bulk data collection for threat intelligence, data is often initially collected in an unstructured form from multiple sources and in various formats. This unstructured data includes information from blogs, news articles, threat reports, social media, and other sources that do not follow a specific structure or format.
The subsequent processing of this data involves organizing, structuring, and analyzing it to extract actionable threat intelligence. This phase is crucial for turning vast amounts of disparate data into coherent, useful insights for cybersecurity purposes.References:
* "The Role of Unstructured Data in Cyber Threat Intelligence," by Jason Trost, Anomali
* "Turning Unstructured Data into Cyber Threat Intelligence," by Giorgio Mosca, IEEE Xplore
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following characteristics of APT refers to numerous attempts done by the attacker to gain entry to the target's network?
- A. Timeliness
- B. Multiphased
- C. Attack origination points
- D. Risk tolerance
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 51
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